Pulsed Electromagnetic Field PEMF Therapy PEMFT / Voltage Square Wave Therapy VSWT
Health functions of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) therapy
* IMPORTANT * - Re:SOTA instruments
Please read this
disclaimer
Rapidly changing
(Pulsed)
EMFs present several useful therapeutic phenomena
when applied to animal/human tissue. Results
vary with therapeutic strength, rate of change of magnetic field, and duration of
change of field. PEMF therapy upregulates the following inter-related functions,
providing the body optimal means to heal itself:
(1) Normalizes the cellular transmembrane
potential (TMP or "cell battery" voltage)
(2) Decreases
pain and inflammation
(3) Increases blood
oxygen levels and improves circulation
(4) Improves cellular ATP
energy production
(5) Increases vessel-dilatory
NITRIC OXIDE production
(6) Restores Immune System
Function
(7) Deactivates microorganisms .
(8) Promotes tissue
repair / healing
(9) Destroys Cancer
Cells
(10) Increases cellular pH (Alkalizes)
(11) Other effects
(1) Normalizes the cellular transmembrane potential (TMP
or "cell battery" voltage)
A cell's transmembrane potential
((" cell
battery " or cell membrane capacitance)
serves 2 purposes. (a) It provides battery
power for cellular operations (e.g. mitochondrial production of ATP energy, cellular
metabolism) and (b) it is used for transmitting signals between different parts
of electrically excitable cells, such as neurons (e.g. to transmit a pain
message from the brain) and muscle cells (to make a muscle contract). The
usual convention when referring to a cell's transmembrane potential difference (or "cell
battery" voltage) is to define it as negative,
meaning that the inside is more negative than the outside . E.g. a TMP
of -90mV means a there is a difference of 90mV across the membrane - the "cell battery"
voltage is 90 mV.
Much of the success
of PEMF therapy lies in its ability to significantly raise the generally lower
"cell
battery " voltage
of sick or damaged cells to a normal, healthy range. E.g.
Lower than ideal/normal TMP levels can functionally regulate tumorigenesis, and promote cancer progression.
(Yang & Brackenbury, 2013)
Natural PEMFs of the earth enhance the sodium/potassium
(Na++/K++) pumps in every cell membrane to establish a healthy
"battery" voltage across the membrane. The
cell membrane separates and maintains a balance between the intracellular and extra-cellular
fluid and electrolytes, such as water, Na and K. The Na/K pump's job is to move
3 Na ions OUT of the cell and 2 K ions IN through transmembrane protein channels,
to maintain a healthy net positive charge on the outside. At least 30% of the ATP
energy produced by the cell is used to fuel the important Na/K pumps. Cell membranes
are capacitors, able to accumulate and store charge (energy) to be given up when
needed. Any condition, illness or change in dietary intake that affects the composition
of the cell membranes and their associated minerals can affect and alter cellular
capacitance.
By establishing the "cell battery" voltage, the Na/K pump has an essential role
in all cellular functions: including bringing nutrients into the cell for
the mitochondrial production of ATP, cellular metabolism, and removing cellular
metabolic waste products and toxins.
Transmembrane potentials ( "cell batteries")
of living cells will not accept a charge greater than in the normal range.
Similar to recharging any battery.
Low frequency electromagnetic signals (from the
body or external environment) can open and close cell membrane
ion-channel gates. This too may effect maintaining the voltage of the
cell battery, by helping ions cross the cell membrane.
(2) Decreases pain and inflammation
(by restoring normal cellular transmembrane potentials at an accelerated
rate)
Pain is your body's way of alerting you to a problem
so that you can address and heal the problem. Ideally, the brain
produces endorphins, endogenous morphine or other natural opiates, to control or
reduce our perception of pain by interacting with the opiate receptors in the brain.
Endorphins are brain neurotransmitters, which transmit electrical signals within
the CNS for an analgesic effect.
Addictive, endorphin drugs, such as morphine, Vicodin,
Percocet, Oxycontin, heroin and opium, override the body's natural endorphin production.
Endogenous endorphin production is increased by:
exercise, keeping stress levels low (yoga/ deep breathing /meditation
/ massage), REM sleep, laughter, sex and low, earth-based
frequencies, including those generated in PEMF therapy
Pain and the cell transmembrane potential (TMP) connection
All cells have a potential difference
between their inner and outer membrane. A
nerve or muscle cell has a normal resting transmembrane potential (TMP or
"cell battery" voltage) of ~70mV and emits few chemical pain
signals and inflammatory agents (histamines,
NITRIC OXIDE , prostaglandins, etc).
When cells are damaged, their transmembrane
potentials (TMPs) decrease to about 80% of healthy levels. ( Ceve,
1990; Malzone) . This causes positive
sodium ions to enter cells and potassium, and negative trace elements and proteins
to exit cells. Damaged cells release chemical signals, such as histamine, which
increase capillary blood flow to affected area. Capillaries also pass fluid into
the interstitial space between cells, which accumulates to cause interstitial swelling
or edema with related pain.
PEMF therapy reduces edemic swelling
/ pain outside damaged cells. PEMF therapy applied to inflamed or painful
sites increases the transmembrane potential of damaged cells (i.e. recharges their
"cell batteries") and so reduces edema.
PEMF therapy lowers neural pain transmission.
Pain signals are
transmitted along nerve cells (neurons) to their pre-synaptic terminals. Triggered
by a large decrease in the neuron's resting "battery" voltage, the neuron
releases a chemical transmitter from a synaptic vesicle contained within the membrane
to be received by the next adjacent neuron, and so passes along the pain message.
The application of PEMF therapy to inflamed or painful sites
causes "battery" voltage of neurons to be raised to a hyper-polarization level
of about 90 mV, preventing transmission of a pain signal.
PEMF THERAPY BLOCKS PAIN SIGNAL
TRANSMISSION FROM NEURON TO NEURON
Pain signals are transmitted (by the movement of ions) along
a nerve cell, and then from that nerve cell to another nerve cell
by releasing a chemical neurotransmitter across the synaptic gap
between them. The neurotransmitter release is triggered when the
voltage across the nerve cell's membrane at the synaptic gap drops
to -30mV. The membrane voltage at the synaptic gap is about 70mV
when under "no pain"conditions, but decreases to -30mV
as the pain signal approaches. The
100mV (70mV to -30mV) average change of potential voltage
is sufficient to trigger the neurotransmitter release and thus transmit
the pain signal to the next cell. However --- when PEMF
therapy to painful areas raises the voltage to about 90mV, the 100mV
change lowers the synaptic voltage to only -10mV (90mV-100mV,
which is insufficient to release the neurotransmitter, and therefore
blocks the transfer of the pain signal.
Specific frequencies regulate/balance neurotransmitters
in the neuroendocrine system. E.g. Endorphins
and DOPAMINE (also associated with pain).
For soft tissues, low frequency (natural or applied) electromagnetic
fields create currents conducted primarily along the surface of cells, which amplify
weak triggers associated with the binding of neurotransmitters (also hormones and
antibodies) to their specific cell binding sites (Adey, 1993).
Therapeutic frequencies do not necessarily have to be applied to the head
region, since the meridians can carry them throughout the body.
(3) Increases blood oxygen
levels / improves circulation
Oxygen is supplied to the
body via the respiratory system from the alveoli in the lungs, attached to hemoglobin
in red blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries, from where it is carried into the
circulatory system. Cirulating RBCs deliver their
oxygen cargo and other nutrients to cells and
also transport cellular waste, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, and toxins,
to the elimination organs via the microcirculation
of the capillaries . Optimal cellular ATP
energy production occurs with a sufficiency of oxygen
provided by optimally functioning respiratory and circulatory systems. PEMF
therapy improves these via the following effects:
PEMF therapy increases
blood flow & oxygen delivery in capillary microcirculation
Capillaries are the small vessels
at the interface where oxygen diffuses into cells
and cellular waste is carried away
PEMF therapy decreases red blood
cell (RBC) aggregation by increasing their cellular TMP. When
RBCs clump and stack together (called the Rouleau effect, diagram below left),
oxygen uptake is reduced. Additionally, stacked
RBCs can not fit in the capillaries to deliver oxygen
to cells, since their small lumens require that RBCs travel in single file.
When the RBC "cell battery" is high, there is a strong positive charge on the outside
of cells, which can repel other cells with a similarly high "battery" voltage, thus
keeping RBCs apart from each other.
PEMF therapy improves
general circulation
PEMF therapy lowers blood
(and lymph) viscosity. This enables blood (and
waste-carrying lymph) to flow more easily, promoting lower blood pressure and reduced
risk of arterial blockage through areas with
atherosclerotic build-up .
PEMF therapy creates new capillaries
from existing ones (called angiogenesis). Pan
et al, 2013
PEMF therapy increases
vessel-dilatory NITRIC OXIDE
PEMF therapy increases blood oxygen levels
PEMF therapy significantly increases red blood cell
(RBC)
count
and concentrations of oxygen - transporting
hemoglobin. Bragin
et al, 2014
PEMF therapy helps bind
oxygen
to hemoglobin in RBCs to be carried to cells (Hemoglobin
contains a central iron atom with inherent magnetic properties). By preventing RBCs
from clumping together, PEMF therapy increases surface area of hemoglobin available
for binding oxygen .
Creates an alkaline state in the body
and greatly improves cellular energy production.
(4) Increases cellular ATP
energy production
PEMF therapy raises cellular ATP energy
synthesis
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
is the "currency" your body uses and stores for energy.
Weak PEMFs in the earth-based electromagnetic frequency
range (~0-30Hz) are demonstrated to improve
cellular energy production. These PEMFs increase ATP synthesis and
utilization by the following mechanisms:
• Increase activity of enzymes needed for ATP
synthesis;
• Increases blood
oxygen levels / improves circulation . Efficient mitochondrial ATP
production of 38 ATP molecules in the aerobic respiration cycle requires sufficient
oxygen, or it will revert to a much less efficent method, called fermentation, producing
only 2 ATP molecules, with lactic acid as an acidic byproduct.
• Increases / normalizes cellular transmembrane
potential (TMP) ("Cell Battery" voltage).
• Produces or induces microcurrents in the (similar
level to body's endogenous healing currents) body that have been shown to
increase ATP production rate. When an electrical current of appropriate
magnitude and direction flows through a cell, hydrogen ions are formed (by electrolysis
of water at the positive cell membrane), which diffuse through the cell. On reaching
the mitochondrial membrane, these hydrogen ions power the formation of
ATP
at an increased rate - see
Cellular respiration ).
(5) Increases vessel-dilatory
NITRIC OXIDE production
NITRIC OXIDE is neurotransmitter
(sends messages from a neuron to an adjacent neuron or other target cell, such as
a muscle fiber cell). This gaseous molecule formed in the inner epithelial
lining of blood and lymph vessels.
NITRIC OXIDE gives the signal to
blood vessels to relax /dilate promoting increased blood flow. This in turn,
positively affects heart function and lowers blood
pressure. Increased NITRIC OXIDE presence is also
known to help erectile dysfunction
(Culotta & Koshland, 1992)
(6)
Restores Immune System Function
By promoting cellular energy production, PEMF therapy
increases protein production, including immune system proteins (antibodies),
enabling the immune system to function at full strength
again . Full production of immune system signaling molecules such as
interferon and interleukin-2, ammunition proteins produced
by the immune system for use against "invaders", enables the immune
system to easily take care of malignant cells. Interferon is involved in
the control of phagocytic cells that engulf and kill pathogens and abnormal cells.
Interleukin-2 induces lymphocytes to differentiate and proliferate, yielding more
T-helpers, T-suppressors, cytotoxic T- cells, T-delayed cells and T-memory cells.
Researchers have found that the Earth's fundamental Schumann
frequency range stimulates the immune system. The SOTA Silver
and Magnetic Pulsers, iMRS 2000, and Bemer 3000 provide such frequency levels.
(7) PEMFs deactivate micro-organisms
Microbial infections must be removed from damaged body tissue
before repair and healing can occur
Achieved:
• Indirectly by
iincreasing blood oxygen levels ,
Improving cellular ATP energy production and
improving immune system activity
or • Directly by producing / inducing antimicrobial
microcurrents
Weak, alternating
current (which can be produced by some PEMFs)
shown to directly deactivate microbes
Patent-supported. U.S.
Patent # 5,188,738 discloses that a weak alternating electric current flowing
through the blood of 1-100 µA (microamperes) for a determined amount of time
can kill or deactivate the vast majority of viruses and other microbes. The patent
cites an example: ". . . treatment of virus in media at 100 µA for 3 minutes
has been observed to substantially attenuate (render ineffective) the AIDS virus".
Some PEMF therapy devices of sufficient
intensity can induce or produce antimicrobial alternating currents (50-100 µA)
in body tissue. E.g.
SOTA® Magnetic Pulse r
or SOTA®
Silver Pulser . These microcurrents can directly deactivate a large
percentage of micro-organisms in the extra-cellular space. The maximum current
is achieved when the EMF changes rapidly as in a square wave.
Leaves normal cells and beneficial
enzymes intact and healthy. Human cells are very different from and
much bigger than bacteria and viruses, and although the healthy cells do suffer
transient disruption from the electromagnetic therapy, they are able to compensate
for the disruption;
(8) Promotes tissue repair / healing
Tissue injury impairs body's healing biocurrents
Weak biocurrents, naturally present in living organisms,
control growth and repair. Healing
biocurrents travel through the nerves or the liquid crystal semiconducting proteins
of the connective tissue. (Borgens et al, 1989;
Ho, 1998; Oschman, 2000). Tissue injury or disease increases its electrical
resistance, impeding the flow of these healing biocurrents through that tissue,
and also decreases the transmembrane potential ("cell battery" voltage) of cells
in damaged tissue (Becker & Selden, 1985)
PEMF therapy produces or induces
micro currents
in the body (of similar level to body's endogenous healing currents)
that have been shown to increase ATP
production rate.
PEMF heals scar tissue
Appropriate PEMF therapy can revert scar tissue
to normal.
A phenomenon of a repeatedly pulsed electromagnetic
field is dedifferentiation of fibroblast cells and some types of precursor endothelial
cell types into embryonic-looking cells . When a person suffers tissue damage,
fibroblast cells migrate from body fatty tissue and the blood circulation to the
damaged tissue site to form an emergency tissue patch. In minor damage, the injury
will be nearly fully repaired with little scar tissue remaining in the area. Scar
tissue mainly consists of fibroblast cells laid down to maintain a tough collagen
protein fiber matrix, which holds the surrounding tissue together. However, when
these cells are made to dedifferentiate by exposure to an appropriate PEMF, then
during the time they are part of and maintaining scar tissue, or damaged tissue
soon to become scar tissue, then some of the cells do not revert to being fibroblast
and endothelial cells. Instead they become the type of cell that should be at the
damaged tissue location or on the scar tissue edge, as if the damaged / scar tissue
were not there.
• Repair time.
By exposing the damaged tissue or scar tissue to repeated pulsed magnetic
fields for ~5 to 15 minutes varying from twice every day to once every other
day for approximately 1-6 weeks often much of the damaged tissue or scar
tissue can be repaired /removed and be replaced with normal healthy tissue.
• Wide range of
parameters are effective at reducing scar tissue.
Experiments conducted by physicist Gary Wade at the Center for Complex Infectious
Diseases showed that desired results could be obtained with a relatively wide range
of combinations of range of pulsed electric field rise times, pulsed electric field
strengths, electric field pulse time widths, pulse rates, and total time of exposure
to pulses that could produce the desired results of having fibroblast cells become
embryonic looking and embryonic-like in their behavior.
PEMF heals bone fractures / strengthens
bones
PEMF therapy is advocated for creating
strong, healthy bones by stimulating osteoblasts to produce bone material.
PEMF therapy heals /
repairs bones
(9) Destroys Cancer Cells
Warning: Tumorous Cancer Cells
Must be Killed off Slowly. This gives the immune system time to deal
with the microbial "dead bodies" (and their waste products) and the
debris of destroyed cancer cells. Otherwise, the body can be dangerously overloaded
with toxic waste.
PEMF therapy destroys existing cancer cells and
prevents cells turning cancerous by deactivating microbes, increasing cell transmembrane "batteries",
and by "supercharging" immune cell function.
Note that most cells have a normal resting transmembrane potential
(TMP or "cell battery" voltage) of ~70mV which is notably lower (15-20 mV) when
a cell turns cancerous. It is interesting to note that heart cells maintain a TMP
of ~100 mV, and do not turn cancerous.
Microbial hijacking of cells is
a possible underlying cause of a cell turning cancerous. See
Microbial
theory of cancer
Microcurrents cause cancer cells
to become dehydrated. A prominent Swedish scientist, Bjorn
Nordenstrom, found that cancer cells treated with electrotherapy appear to become
dehydrated and die. He used an invasive surgical procedure, implanting electrodes
in the tumor to generate microcurrents. (Note: PEMF therapy creates micro-currents
in body tissue non-invasively). His basic techniques were adopted in China where,
from 1988 to 1993 over 4,000 cases of advanced malignancy were treated. Of 2516
carcinoma cases in patients over 50 years old, a 78% favorable response rate was
reported. (Nordenstrom, 1987)
Microcurrents alter cancer cell's
pH and DNA to deactivate reproduction. Dr.
C.K. Chou, an American cancer researcher and his colleagues found that specific
microcurrents alter the pH of the cancer cell and alter its DNA so that it cannot
reproduce. (Chou et al; 1997)
(10) Increases cellular pH (alkalizes
body)
In order to function properly, your
body necessarily keeps blood plasma pH in a narrow range pH range of 7.35 - 7.45.
TMP ("Cell Battery" voltage) and
alkalinity are connected. An alkaline environmment has a surplus of
electrons. Conversely an acidic environment lacks electrons.
PEMF therapy normalizes the TMP,
providing electrons to maintain a healthy pH in blood and body tissues.
E.g.
in so doing, the body does not need to rob bones and teeth of their strengthening
alkalizing minerals.
(11) Other effects of PEMF therapy
Releases Calcium ions from inside the cell.
Calcium build-up inside artery wall cells contributes
to plaque build-up in atherosclerosis.
(Adey, 1993)
Pumping of lymph fluid by involuntary muscle contraction.
Waste products of cellular metabolism and various proteins and mineral
and elemental ions that need to be transported back into the general blood supply
enter the lymph vessels from the extracellular space.
Regulates virtually every cell function
• DNA, RNA and protein
synthesis
• Morphogenesis
(concerned with shape of tissue, organs or organisms)
Stimulates hormonal production.
PEMF therapy aids production of MELATONIN (by pineal gland) and HGH (Human
Growth Hormone) by pituitary gland. Two essential hormones for sleep, a time
when healing, regeneration and repair take place, all factors that affect energy
levels and fight the aging process.
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