How does broadband ultrasound destroy microbes?

(Many thanks to physicist Gary Wade for his invaluable information on this subject)

Broadband ultrasound can produce MECHANICAL oscillations that inactivate microbes

All microorganisms contain protein clump structures (bonds) which are vital to their functioning, survival and propagation and that are:

(1) Periodically spaced

(2) Elastically coupled

and (3) Closed-in-on-themselves.

In some microbes these structures are located in their outer coating

A virus example illustrates microbial vulnerability.    About half the viruses infecting humans commonly have a LIPID CAPSID COAT, consisting of the protein clump structures described above, which can support resonant standing mechanical waves.

The dark circles in these example capsid coats (flattened out view) represent single spheroidal protein molecules, which are elastically coupled / bonded to each other. The capsid coats are made up of 20 identical equilateral triangular protein clump structures folded up and closed back on themselves to form a complete virus capsid coat, called a icosahedral, as illustrated.

Mechanical oscillations can inactivate microbes.   The bond between adjacent protein molecules of the virus are relatively weak, and if the stress between them becomes large enough, the bond breaks and this essential structure for holding and delivering the virus genetic material is damaged or destroyed, essentially inactivating the virus. This is especially the case if adjacent protein clumps oscillate 180 degrees out of phase, such that one protein clump is moving upward while its adjacent clumps are moving downward and visa versa. At a sufficient displacement of the protein clumps from their resting position, the stress where the adjacent protein clumps are joined will break the bond between them.

Free-floating viruses are then unable to infect a new cell, and viruses that are forming and budding from already infected cells can be likewise inactivated

A mechanism that can produce either the SPECIFIC FREQUENCY of A MICROBE (as in the RIFE RESONANCE PROTOCOL) or BROADBAND ULTRASOUND (i.e. a broad range of ultrasound frequencies) will provide the mechanical oscillations required to inactivate microbes (by destroying essential protein bonds in their structures).