Heal Yourself At Home

Bacteria in health

Specifc pathogenic bacteria in Flora and Disease

Stain	Shape	O2 need color code	Other
G+ GRAM POSITIVE g- Gram Negative AF Acid Fast	• Cocci _ Rod ~ Spiral ৲ Comma	Obligate Aerobe Microaerophile Aerotolerant Anaerobe Facultative Anaerobe Obligate Anaerobe	M/nm = Motile/nonmotile C+ /C- Catalase OX+/OX- Oxidase Encapsulated Endospores

SPECIFIC BACTERIA in Flora and Disease
(Clinically Most Significant in the Body)
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Bacterial Family Name Genus Species	Associated diseases
Gram-Negative Cocci •
Neisseriaceae	g- • M
Neisseria
N. gonorrhoeae	Gonorrhea
N. meningitidis	Meninigitis
Gram-Negative Rods -
Pseudomonadaceae	g- _ M
Pseudonomas
P.aeruginosa	Major nosocomial infection hits immunocompromised, IV-lines); UTIs, sepsis, pneumonia, pharyngitis
Moraxellaceae	g- _ nm OX-
Acinetobacter
A. baumannnii	Nosocomial skin and wound infections, pneumonia, meningitis
A. iwoff	Meningitis
Alcaligenaceae	g- _
Bordetella
B. Pertussis nm	Whooping cough
B. parapertussis	Mild pharyngitis
B. bronchiseptica M	Pneumonia, otitis media
Brucellaceae
Brucella	g- _ nm
B. abortus (from cows)	Bacterial blood infiltration (bacteremia): Brucellosis, Malta fever;
B. suis (from pigs)
B. melitensis(from goats)
B. canis (from dogs)
Legionellaceae	g- _
Legionella
L. pneumophila	Legionnaires'disease,Pontiac fever, pneumonia
L. micdadei	Pneumonia
Pseudomonadaceae	g- _ M
Pseudonomas	Major nosocomial infection hits immunocompromised, IV-lines);
P. aeruginosa	UTIs, sepsis, pneumonia, pharyngitis
Moraxellaceae	g- _ nm OX-
Acinetobacter
A. baumannnii	Nosocomial skin and wound infections, pneumonia, meningitis
A. iwoff	Meningitis
Pasteurellacae	g- _ nm OX+ C+
Haemophilus
H. Influenzae types a-f	Meningitis (Hib)
H. influenzae (NTHi / non-typeable)	Otitis media, sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia
H. aegyptius	Pinkeye (conjuctivitis)
H. ducreyi	Venereal disease (Chancroid)
Enterobacteriaceae	g- _ M OX- C+ /C-
Escherichia
E. Coli	UTIs, pneumonia, meningitis, traveler's diarrhea, peritonitis,pyelonephritis
Shigella	nm
S. boydii. S. dysenteriae S. flexneri S. sonnei	Dysentry (Diarrhea + fever)
Edwardsiella
E.tarda	Gastroenteritis;wound infections
Salmonella	g- _
2200 S. species	Bacterial food poisoning
S. typhi	Typhoid
Citrobacter
C. freundii	Diarrhea?
C. diversus	Meningitis in newborns?
Klebsiella
K. pneumoniae	UTIs
Enterobacter
E. aerogenes (F)	UTIs
E. cloacae	UTIs
Serratia
S. marcescens	Utis,, wound infections
Proteus
P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris	UTIs, wound infections,Hospital acquired infections
Morganella
M. morganii	UTIs, wound infections,diarrhea
Yersinia
Y. enterocolitica	Intestinal inflammation / pain(via enterotoxin release)
Y. Pestis	Bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plagues
Gram Negative Curved Rod / Comma ৲
Vibrionaceae	g- ৲ M OX+ C+
Vibrio
V. cholerae	Cholera
Gram Negative Spiral~
Campylobacteraceae	g- ~ M
Campylobacter
C. jejuni	Diarrhea, gastrointestinitis
Helicobacteraceae	g- ~ (helix) M OX+ C+
Helicobacter
H. Pylori	Stomach and duodenal ulcers, Gastric carcinomas, Chronic gastritis (in U.S.)
Spirochaetaceae	g- ~ M
Borrelia
B.burgdorferi	Lyme Disease
Treponema
T. pallidum	Syphilis, yaws
GRAM-POSITIVE Bacteria
Bacterial Family Name Genus Species	Associated diseases
GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI•
Micrococcaceae	G+ • nm OX+ CAT+
Micrococcus
M. luteus, M. roseus, M. varians	Harmless skin contaminant,
Staphylococcus	Soft tissue infections, TSS;
S. aureus	Scalded skin syndrome, cellulitis, pneumonia, meningitis, boils, arthritis, osteomyelitis
Streptococcus
S.pyogenes	90% of pharyngitis ("strep throat")
S.pneumonia	Pus-producing; Pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media
S.mutans, s. mitis (Viridans group)	Large percentage of tooth decay
GRAM-POSITIVE RODS _
MYCOBACTERIACEAE	G+ / AF _ nm
M. tuberculosis	Tuberculosis
M. Leprosy	Leprosy
BACILLACEAE	G+ _ CAT+
BACILLUS
B. AnthraCIS	nm. Anthrax
B. CEreUS	M. Toxin-mediated food poisoning
LACTOBACILLACEAE	G+ _
LACTOBACILLUS	Harmless; ferments glucose or lactose Ã lactic acid
L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. brevis, L. animalis,
LISTERIACEAE	G+ _ CAT+
LISTERIA
L. monocytogenes	Food poisoning, septocemia,Meningitis in immuno-compromised; Listeriosis
PROPionibacteriaceae	G+ _
PROPionibacterium	Acne, chronic blepharitus
P. ACNES
CORYNEBACTERIACEAE	G+ _
CORYNEBACTERIA
C. DIPTHERIAE	Diptheria (caused by toxin)
Actinomycetaceae	G+ _
Actinomyces
A. meyeri
CLOSTRIDIACEAE	G+ _
CLOSTRIDIUM
C. Botulinum,	M. Botulism: from botulinum neurotoxin (Botox), usually food-borne. Honey can contain spores affecting infants <1yr old)
C. butyrculum C. barati C argentinense
C. Difficile	M Pseudomembranous colitis; common nosocomial infection
C. Tetani	M Tetanus
C. Perfringens	nm Gas gangrene, clostridial necrotizing enteritis
PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS
P. Magnus
P. anaerobius	Infections of oral cavity, respiratory, female genitourinary and GI tracts, bone and joints; also deep organ abscesses and leg/foot ulcers
P. micros

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