| Stain | Shape | O2 need color code | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
|
G+ GRAM POSITIVE g- Gram Negative AF Acid Fast |
• Cocci _ Rod ~ Spiral ৲ Comma |
Obligate Aerobe Microaerophile Aerotolerant Anaerobe Facultative Anaerobe Obligate Anaerobe |
M/nm = Motile/nonmotile C+ /C- Catalase OX+/OX- Oxidase Encapsulated Endospores |
| SPECIFIC BACTERIA in Flora and Disease | |
|---|---|
| (Clinically Most Significant in the Body) | |
| Gram-Negative Bacteria | |
| Bacterial Family Name Genus Species | Associated diseases |
| Gram-Negative Cocci • | |
| Neisseriaceae | g- • M |
| Neisseria | |
| N. gonorrhoeae | Gonorrhea |
| N. meningitidis | Meninigitis |
| Gram-Negative Rods - | |
| Pseudomonadaceae | g- _ M |
| Pseudonomas | |
| P.aeruginosa | Major nosocomial infection hits immunocompromised, IV-lines); UTIs, sepsis, pneumonia, pharyngitis |
| Moraxellaceae | g- _ nm OX- |
| Acinetobacter | |
| A. baumannnii | Nosocomial skin and wound infections, pneumonia, meningitis |
| A. iwoff | Meningitis |
| Alcaligenaceae | g- _ |
| Bordetella | |
| B. Pertussis nm | Whooping cough |
| B. parapertussis | Mild pharyngitis |
| B. bronchiseptica M | Pneumonia, otitis media |
| Brucellaceae | |
| Brucella | g- _ nm |
| B. abortus (from cows) | Bacterial blood infiltration (bacteremia): Brucellosis, Malta fever; |
| B. suis (from pigs) | |
| B. melitensis(from goats) | |
| B. canis (from dogs) | |
| Legionellaceae | g- _ |
| Legionella | |
| L. pneumophila | Legionnaires'disease,Pontiac fever, pneumonia |
| L. micdadei | Pneumonia |
| Pseudomonadaceae | g- _ M |
| Pseudonomas | Major nosocomial infection hits immunocompromised, IV-lines); |
| P. aeruginosa | UTIs, sepsis, pneumonia, pharyngitis |
| Moraxellaceae | g- _ nm OX- |
| Acinetobacter | |
| A. baumannnii | Nosocomial skin and wound infections, pneumonia, meningitis |
| A. iwoff | Meningitis |
| Pasteurellacae | g- _ nm OX+ C+ |
| Haemophilus | |
| H. Influenzae types a-f | Meningitis (Hib) |
| H. influenzae (NTHi / non-typeable) | Otitis media, sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia |
| H. aegyptius | Pinkeye (conjuctivitis) |
| H. ducreyi | Venereal disease (Chancroid) |
| Enterobacteriaceae | g- _ M OX- C+ /C- |
| Escherichia | |
| E. Coli | UTIs, pneumonia, meningitis, traveler's diarrhea, peritonitis,pyelonephritis |
| Shigella | nm |
| S. boydii. S. dysenteriae S. flexneri S. sonnei | Dysentry (Diarrhea + fever) |
| Edwardsiella | |
| E.tarda | Gastroenteritis;wound infections |
| Salmonella | g- _ |
| 2200 S. species | Bacterial food poisoning |
| S. typhi | Typhoid |
| Citrobacter | |
| C. freundii | Diarrhea? |
| C. diversus | Meningitis in newborns? |
| Klebsiella | |
| K. pneumoniae | UTIs |
| Enterobacter | |
| E. aerogenes (F) | UTIs |
| E. cloacae | UTIs |
| Serratia | |
| S. marcescens | Utis,, wound infections |
| Proteus | |
| P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris | UTIs, wound infections,Hospital acquired infections |
| Morganella | |
| M. morganii | UTIs, wound infections,diarrhea |
| Yersinia | |
| Y. enterocolitica | Intestinal inflammation / pain(via enterotoxin release) |
|
Y. Pestis
|
Bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plagues |
| Gram Negative Curved Rod / Comma ৲ | |
| Vibrionaceae | g- ৲ M OX+ C+ |
| Vibrio | |
| V. cholerae | Cholera |
| Gram Negative Spiral~ | |
| Campylobacteraceae | g- ~ M |
| Campylobacter | |
| C. jejuni | Diarrhea, gastrointestinitis |
| Helicobacteraceae | g- ~ (helix) M OX+ C+ |
| Helicobacter | |
| H. Pylori | Stomach and duodenal ulcers, Gastric carcinomas, Chronic gastritis (in U.S.) |
| Spirochaetaceae | g- ~ M |
| Borrelia | |
| B.burgdorferi | Lyme Disease |
| Treponema | |
| T. pallidum | Syphilis, yaws |
| GRAM-POSITIVE Bacteria | |
| Bacterial Family Name Genus Species | Associated diseases |
| GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI• | |
| Micrococcaceae | G+ • nm OX+ CAT+ |
| Micrococcus | |
| M. luteus, M. roseus, M. varians | Harmless skin contaminant, |
| Staphylococcus | Soft tissue infections, TSS; |
| S. aureus | Scalded skin syndrome, cellulitis, pneumonia, meningitis, boils, arthritis, osteomyelitis |
| Streptococcus | |
| S.pyogenes | 90% of pharyngitis ("strep throat") |
| S.pneumonia | Pus-producing; Pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media |
| S.mutans, s. mitis (Viridans group) | Large percentage of tooth decay |
| GRAM-POSITIVE RODS _ | |
| MYCOBACTERIACEAE | G+ / AF _ nm |
| M. tuberculosis | Tuberculosis |
| M. Leprosy | Leprosy |
| BACILLACEAE | G+ _ CAT+ |
| BACILLUS | |
| B. AnthraCIS | nm. Anthrax |
| B. CEreUS | M. Toxin-mediated food poisoning |
| LACTOBACILLACEAE | G+ _ |
| LACTOBACILLUS | Harmless; ferments glucose or lactose à lactic acid |
| L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. brevis, L. animalis, | |
| LISTERIACEAE | G+ _ CAT+ |
| LISTERIA | |
| L. monocytogenes | Food poisoning, septocemia,Meningitis in immuno-compromised; Listeriosis |
| PROPionibacteriaceae | G+ _ |
| PROPionibacterium | Acne, chronic blepharitus |
| P. ACNES | |
| CORYNEBACTERIACEAE | G+ _ |
| CORYNEBACTERIA | |
| C. DIPTHERIAE | Diptheria (caused by toxin) |
| Actinomycetaceae | G+ _ |
| Actinomyces | |
| A. meyeri | |
| CLOSTRIDIACEAE | G+ _ |
| CLOSTRIDIUM | |
| C. Botulinum, | M. Botulism: from botulinum neurotoxin (Botox), usually food-borne. Honey can contain spores affecting infants <1yr old) |
| C. butyrculum C. barati C argentinense | |
| C. Difficile | M Pseudomembranous colitis; common nosocomial infection |
| C. Tetani | M Tetanus |
| C. Perfringens | nm Gas gangrene, clostridial necrotizing enteritis |
| PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS | |
| P. Magnus | |
| P. anaerobius | Infections of oral cavity, respiratory, female genitourinary and GI tracts, bone and joints; also deep organ abscesses and leg/foot ulcers |
| P. micros | |
