Splenda®(Sucralose) - Toxic organochlorine in a yellow packet
Splenda® (Sucralose) - Toxic organochlorine
Although, using natural sugar to excess has its own set of
health problems, natural sugar used in moderation is still a healthier sweetener
choice than sucralose
"Made from sugar so it tastes like sugar"
Sucralose is NOT a sugar, despite
its sugar-like name and deceptive marketing slogan - it is, in fact, a chlorinated
artificial sweetener with detrimental health effects to match
aspartame
Sucralose® (trade name Splenda
or E.U. additive code E955) is the #1
artificial sweetener in the U.S. - generally used as a sugar
substitute
Sucralose is
a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) - a white crystalline powder, this
supposedly no-calorie
sweetener is made from a patented
process that begins with sucrose ~ 600 times sweeter
than table sugar -~twice as sweet as saccharin and four times sweeter
than aspartameFound in >
4,500 food and beverage products - such as baked goods (stable to 450â°F),
non-alcoholic beverages, chewing gum, frozen dairy desserts, fruit juices, and gelatinsFound
in medications - nearly 10%of all sucralose is sold to drug companies, and
many times not listed on label.Splenda® also
contains 95% dextrose and maltodextrin as fillers
Sucralose is a synthetic chemical made by a patented
process by McNeil Nutritionals that does indeed begin with sugar (sucrose,
a disaccharide molecule about 50/50 glucose and fructose). Three hydroxyl (OH) groups
are replaced with 3 chlorine molecules, producing a fructose + galactose molecule
not seen in nature
Image from Splenda-Clinician's Guide @
www.splenda.com
Here is the "Recipe" for making sucralose:
Sucrose is tritylated with trityl chloride in the presence of
dimethylformamide and 4-methylmorpholine, and the tritylated sucrose is then acetylated
with acetic anhydride.
The resulting sucrose molecule TRISPA is chlorinated with hydrogen
chlorine in the presence of toluene.
The resulting 4-PAS is heated in the presence of methyl isobutyl
ketone and acetic acid.
The resulting 6-PAS is chlorinated with thionyl chloride in the
presence of toluene and benzyltriethylammonium chloride.
The resulting TOSPA is treated with methanol in the presence of
sodium methoxide to produce sucralose.
Ahhhh. . . just the way grandma used to make it!
http://roarofwolverine.com/archives/185
The end product is a chlorinated hydrocarbon molecule
(a.k.a. an organochlorine or chlorocarbon) - i.e. NOT a sugar molecule.
Sucralose was actually discovered by accident by
Tate and Lyle scientists working with researchers at QueenElizabethCollege, trying
to create new insecticides. it was discovered by Leslie Hough and a young Indian chemist, Shashikant Phadnis
as the duo was trying to test chlorinated sugars as chemical intermediates.
Phadnis was told to test the powder, but
thought that Hough had asked him to taste it.
He found the compound to be exceptionally sweet. After this revelation, they worked
with Tate & Lyle for a year before settling on the final formula.
In 1980 the rights of sucralose were sold to Johnson
and Johnson who then created McNeil Nutritionals to be solely responsible for the
marketing of Splenda®. Later in 2004,
McNeil Nutritionals and Tate & Lyle restructured their alliance so that McNeil
was responsible for marketing and Tate & Lyle for manufacturing the product.
In 1989, sucralose was approved for use in the United States
and Diet R.C. Cola was the first product to contain it
Chlorocarbons - "One lump or two?"
"Sucralose" is a cute short name for:
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-BETA-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
Chlorine in sucralose is not the same safe form as covalent chloride bonds in
food. Actually, nature
Examples of other synthetic
(long known for causing organ, genetic and reproductive damage) include:
J & J maintain that sucralose chlorocarbons
are not a problem since sucralose is not absorbed - however, the fact
is that the final rule of the FDA was that a significant
percentage actually is absorbed in the body .
Organochlorines don't breakdown easily in fatty
tissue and can build up over time - in his book "Sweet
Deception", Dr. Joseph Mercola details how researchersfound evidence
that Splenda is in fact absorbed by your fat and tends to accumulate in high-fat
organ tissues (E.g. your brain
Researcher / biochemist Dr. James Bowen states
that ingested chlorocarbon damage continues with the formation of other toxins: "Any
chlorocarbons not directly excreted from the body intact can cause immense damage
to the processes of human metabolism and, eventually, our internal organs. The liver
is a detoxification organ which deals with ingested poisons. Chlorocarbons
damage the hepatocytes, the liver's metabolic cells, and destroy them
Dr. James Bowen, Article:"The Lethal Science Of
Splenda - A Poisonous Chlorocarbon"
Ingested sucralose breaks down into products (1,6
dichloro, 1,6-dideoxyfructose,4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose and potentially highly toxic
chlorosugar 6-GC) and has been proven in tests to
to be able to have the following adverse effects:
Liver toxicity, Enlarged livers
Reduced ability for body to detoxify
Mutagenic activity
Binding to DNA in your liver and small intestine
Low birth and placental weights, maternal
and fetal toxicity (aborted pregnancy)
Shrunken thymus glands (up to 40%
shrinkage)
Enlarged kidneys.
Abnormal histopathological changes
in spleen and thymus
Increased cecal weight
Reduced growth rate
Adverse changes to GI bacteria
Abnormal Pelvic Mineralization /
Hyperplasia of the pelvis
Decreased red blood cell count
Bowel inflammation/Crohn's Disease
Migraine triggers
Increased glycosylation of hemoglobin
(HbA1c) for diabetics
McNeil claims that Splenda® has zero
calories since it is not absorbed by the body - because the body has no enzymes
to break down /digest this unnatural, glucose-free molecule, however . . .
The FDA's "Final Rule" reported 11% to 27% of sucralose
is absorbed in humans:
In animal studies,
up to 15% of sucralose is absorbed by the digestive system and stored in the body
- The bulk of sucralose ingested does not leave the GI tract and is directly excreted
in the feces while 11-27% of it is absorbed. The amount that is absorbed from the
GI tract is largely removed from the blood stream by the kidneys and excreted in
the urine with 20-30% of the absorbed sucralose being metabolized;Significant percentages
of absorbed sucralose is metabolized -"Mice (El46) and rats (El37)
were found to metabolize less than 10 percent of the absorbed sucralose, while rabbits(El24)
(20 to 30 percent), humans (El38 and E145) (20 to 30 percent), and dogs (El33) (30
to 40 percent) metabolize greater quantities of the absorbed sucralose."
Michael A. Friedman, Lead Deputy Commissioner for the FDA,Food
Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption; Sucralose Federal
Register: 21 CFR Part 172, Docket No. 87F-0086, April 3, 1998
The Japanese Food Sanitation Council reports
that up to 40% of ingested sucralose is absorbed - and can concentrate in
the liver, kidney, and GI tract
The FDA allowed sucralose absorption / metabolism
findings of just ONE 8 man study to be generalized to the entire population -
women, children, the elderly, and those with any chronic illness were never examined.
Roberts A ,
Renwick AG ,
Sims J ,
Snodin DJ . Sucralose metabolism and pharmacokinetics in man .
Food Chem Toxicol. 2000;38 Suppl 2:S31-41.
PubMed
It's been tested, right?
Splenda has NEVER been proven safe for HUMAN consumption!
The marketing pitch for Spenda emphasizes that it has undergone rigorous
testing, but fail to mention that nearly all tests were on animals (initial
studies showing health detrimental results) and only 2 small (almost
laughable) studies lasting less than 4 days on humans prior to
FDA approval
Initially, the EU Food Commision, Canadian officials
and the U.S. FDA did NOT approve Splenda, based on several serious health problems
revealed in animals -so McNeil Nutritionals (Sucralose manufacturer,
a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson) continued their research studies, lowering
levels of sucralose administered until favorable results were obtained. Of course,
the negative research results were not mentioned.
Splenda®/Sucralose was given the broadest approval
ever granted by the FDA for any food additive based on the review of of 108
animal studies and only two human studies lasting only a few days
- in 1998 it was approved for use in 15 food and beverage categories, with
no requirement for warnings or informational labels on products containing sucralose.
A year or so later, the FDA approved sucralose as a general-purpose sweetener.
Of those 2 human studies:
They had a total
of only 36 subjects -of which only 23 took sucralose!The longest study
lasted only 4 days! -and was focussed on sucralose in relation to tooth
decay, not human tolerance
The animal studies reviewed revealed several problems:
Decreased red
blood cells at levels above 1,500 mg/kg/day Increased
male infertility by interfering with sperm production and vitality - as well
as brain lesions at higher dosesEnlarged
and calcified kidneys - The FDA ruled that these are findings that are common
in aged female rats and are not significant Spontaneous abortions in nearly half the rabbit population
given sucralose A
23 percent death rate in rabbits - compared to a 6 percent death rate in
the control group
A 2008 Duke University study found that FDA-approved food
levels of Splenda:
REDUCES the amount
of good bacteria in your intestines by 50% -- a disturbing finding
since these bacteria help maintain your body's overall balance of friendly versus
unfriendly microorganisms and support your general health.INCREASES the
pH level in your intestines Can prevent absorption
of prescription drugs -by affecting a glycoprotein (P-gp) in your body
Abou-Donia MB, El-Masry EM, Abdel-Rahman AA, McLendon
RE, Schiffman SS. Splenda alters gut microflora and increases intestinal p-glycoprotein
and cytochrome p-450 in male rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2008;71(21):1415-29.
Researchgate
"Increasing evidence suggests
that artificial sweeteners do not activate the food reward pathways in the same
fashion as natural sweeteners - Lack of caloric contribution generally
eliminates the postingestive component. Functional magnetic imaging in normal weight
men showed that glucose ingestion resulted in a prolonged signal depression in the
hypothalamus. This response was not observed with sucralose ingestion."
Smeets PAM, de Graaf C, Stafleu A, van Osch MJP, van der
Grond J. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human hypothalamic responses to
sweet taste and calories. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82 :1011-1016.
PubMed
Dr. Mercola's website lists many anecdotal reports of harmful side-effects
Dr. Mercola's website
The following are common symptoms -
usually noticed within a 24-hour period following consumption of Splenda products:
Skin -
Redness, itching, swelling, blistering, weeping, crusting, rash, eruptions,
or hives (itchy bumps or welts). Lungs -
Wheezing, tightness, cough, or shortness of breath. Head -
Swelling of the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, or throat; headaches and migrainesNose -
Stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing. Eyes -
bloodshot, itchy, swollen, or watery. Stomach -
Bloating, gas, pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea.
Heart -
Palpitations or fluttering. Joints
- Joint pains or aches. Neurological -
Anxiety, dizziness, spaced-out sensation, depression.
And here's the real "Kicker"- Artificial sweeteners may actually
promote
Many people have found that it is easier to lose weight by
cutting out sweets altogether instead of just replacing the natural sugar with an
artificial one
NNS - May not be such a sweet
deal
What are my other sweetener choices?
Natural sweeteners in moderation should be preferred
to any artificial sweeteners
Natural Sweeteners
