Hormone menubar

Hormones:
Hormones 101
TESTING
- Testing Hormones
- Take Hormone Test
THE HORMONES
- AMINES:
- MELATONIN - The Sleep Hormone
- SEROTONIN (Not Yet Available) -
- THYROID T3 and T4 - Master Metabolism Hormones
- STEROIDS:
- STEROIDS CONVERSION CHART
- ABOUT STEROID HORMONES
- STEROID ENZYMES
- (1)GLUCOCORTICOIDS
- CORTISOL - "Fight or Flight" (N/A)
- (2)MINERALOCORTICOIDS
- ALDOSTERONE (N/A)
- (3)SEX STEROIDS
- "Your Body is not your own! :)"
- Effects of alcohol on sex hormones
- SEX Hormone-Binding Carriers"
- SYNTHETIC SEX STEROIDS-"Frankenstein Look-a-likes""
- ANDROGENS
- Predominantly Male Hormones
- ANDROGEN DOMINANCE (N/A)
- TESTOSTERONE
- DHT - The Potent Androgen
- DHEA
- ANDROSTENEDIONE
- ESTROGENS
- Estrogens - Predominately Female Hormones
- Estrogen Dominance
- (E1) ESTRIOL
- (E2) ESTRADIOL (N/A)
- (E3) ESTRONE (N/A)
- Progestagens
- Progestagens- Precursors to Androgens, Estrogens and Corticoids
- PROGESTERONE
- PREGNENOLONE
- STEROLS
- VITAMIN D
- POLYPEPTIDES
- LOW DOSE NALTREXONE (LDN)
- LEPTIN - Weight Control Hormone (Not yet available)

GSE

ENZYMES AFFECTING STEROID PROD. & ACTIVITY:
ABOUT
LIST OF ENZYMES
- P450_SCC (Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme)
- P450 C_17-20 (17 alpha-hydroxylase)
- 17-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
- 3-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
- 5-alpha-Reductase (5AR)
- Aromatase
- 11B-hydroxylase (N/A)
- 21A-hydroxylase (N/A)

Enzymes affecting steroid production

Enzymes affecting steroid production /activity

Why are hormone conversion enzymes important ?

The conversion of one hormone to another is catalyzed by a certain enzyme. As depicted in the rectangular boxes in the following steroid conversion chart.

The level of an enzyme presence in a particular body tissue determines the extent to which the hormone conversion will take place. The amount of a certain hormone in particular areas is a critical factor affecting hormonally related health concerns.

Steroid conversion chart

(conversion enzymes are shown in rectangular boxes)

At a Glance Chart

Enzymes affecting Steroid Production/Activity and Conversion Pathways

Enzyme

Converts

Prod'n /Activity

/ Conversion

Pathway

▲ increased by

Prod'n /Activity

/Conversion Pathway

▼ decreased by

Comments

P450_SCC

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme;

Cholesterol

➔ PREGNENOLONE

(in mitochondria);

Estrogens;

Lead;

Vitamin A deficiency;

Certain drugs

Series of reactions occur at the inner membrane;

P450 C_17-20

(17α-hydroxylase)

TESTOSTERONE

(affects cAMP pathway)

Ethanol;

Nicotine;

Certain drugs

Catalyzes hydroxylation and cleavage (converts steroids from a 21-carbon to a 19-carbon molecule in Δ4 and Δ5- hydroxysteroid pathways);

17ß-HSD

(17ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase)

DHEA

➔ ANDROSTENEDIOL

ANDROSTENEDIONE

⇔ TESTOSTERONE

ESTRONE (E1)

➔ ESTRADIOL (E2)

Drugs: Cotinine, Danazol, Cyclosporin A, Lithium chloride.

Lignans (E.g. in flaxseed)

Lignans - Enterolactones (lignan precursors) found in E.g.flaxseed inhibit

3ß-HSD

(3ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase)

PREGNENOLONE

➔ PROGESTERONE

DHEA

➔ ANDROSTENEDIONE

FSH via LH

TESTOSTERONE

Lead;

Daidzein

/genistein

/biochanin A (isoflavones), Aflatoxin

In the male, FSH, stimulates release of a Sertoli cell factor that increasesLH effect on 3ß-HSD activity;

5AR

(5α-Reductase)

TESTOSTERONE➔ DIHYDRO-TESTOSTERONE (DHT)

In testes, liver, brain, prostate, external genitalia, skin, hair follicles and sebaceous glands;

DHT more potent than TESTOSTERONE;

DHT involved in BPH,prostate cancer, hirsutism

Aromatase

TESTOSTERONE

➔ ESTRADIOL

ANDROSTENEDIONE

➔ ESTRONE

(in females)

Gonadotropins (E.g. FSH, LH, hCG);

Age;

Obesity;

Insulin;

Alcohol.

PROLACTIN

Smoking;

Anti-mullerian hormone

Certain Drugs

Finasteride; PROGESTERONE

Nettle root

Flavonoids

In females, FSH increases aromatase activity, enhancing this conversion;

Other Substances affecting Steroid Production

Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂). Blocks conversion of:

PREGNENOLONE ➔ PROGESTERONE ;

Dioxins (in fatty meats, dairy) ➔ low TESTOSTERONE, and limited prostate growth;

Aminoglutethimide ➔ low TESTOSTERONE;

Lead, cadmium ➔ low TESTOSTERONE;

Cyclic-AMP Second Messenger System. C-AMP pathway directly affected by:

• Biphenol-A (BPA);

• Nicotine;

• Nitrate/NO;

• Glucocorticoids;

• Drugs - Lindane; Indmethacin. Chloroquine. EDS. DBA, Cotinine, Tylosin, Gossypol;

Nitrous oxide (NO). Blocks steroid production;?????

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