Most often affects areas of skin with chronic sun exposure. However, can also occur in places where the sun doesn't usually shine. People with fair skin seem to be more vulnerable.
Aging
Immunosuppression. More likely in those with a compromised immune system or those taking immunosuppression drugs.
Having a cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPVs are a group of more than 150 related viruses. HPV 16 (most commonly), 18, 34, and 48 have caused Bowen disease at genital sites. HPV 16 is also the cause of some cases of cervical cancer. Less often, HPV types 2, 16, 34, and 35 are associated with Bowen disease in areas of the body other than the genitals.
Chronic arsenic exposure. Usually about 10 years after initial exposure. Arsenic is a tasteless, colorless metallic element that has been known to contaminate well water in the past.
